estrogen&phytoestrogen-silver+class+'09


 * toc

Muhammad White**

**Abstract**
Estrogens are a group of steroid compounds, named for their importance in the estrous cycle, and functioning as the primary female sex hormone. Estrogen is used to produce artificial hormones and physiologic changes. The most popular use for estrogen is birth control, which is made through the chemical breakdown of the substance. Like all steroid hormones, estrogens readily diffuse across the cell membrane; inside the cell, they interact with estrogen receptors. Additionally, estrogens have been shown to activate a G protein-coupled receptor.

Estrogens are a very common in most societies. The banning of estrogen has only not been common throughout the world. That is because to people, there are hardly any irreversible complications that can come from the use of this chemical. While it may not affect people in harmful way, it has the potential to be detrimental to the environment. Estrogen is when women throw their birth control pills down the drain they’re exposing that estrogen to the water indirectly but directly affecting fish absorbed in the intestines and released into the blood system. This process is the same for both humans as well as animals. When fish consume this estrogen through the water they become unlikely to mate, and because fish are essential to the ecosystem, everyone’s affected.

People need to be more informed about the effects of estrogen in the world. Most people don’t understand that estrogens are found in some foods and in most female products the improper disposal of these materials is what’s making things worst. People need to understand the affects that estrogen can have.

**Backround Information**
-How/why do we use this chemical? Medicines use estrogen all the time,thats because its contains a kind of steroid compound thats primary function is in reference to the female sex hormone. -What products are the chemical used in? Soy. Millet. Barley. Flax seed. Lentils. Kidney beans. Lima beans. Rye. Clover. Fennel. Chickpeas (garbanzo beans). Apples. Alfalfa sprouts. Celery. Parsley. Beets. Bok choy. Broccoli. Cauliflower. Carrots. Cucumbers. Mushrooms. Brussel sprouts. Seaweeds. Squash. Pumpkin seeds. Sunflower seeds. Cherries. Olives. Pears. Plums. Tomatoes. Prunes. Barley. Oats. Brown rice. Wheat germ. Bulgur. Brewer’s Yeast. Black-eye peas. Mung bean sprouts. Navy beans. Red beans. Split peas. Spices; cloves, ginger, hops, oregano, red raspberry, sage tea, thyme, turmeric. -What benefits does this chemical offer these products? In humans and mice, estrogen has been known to promotes wound healing.Also it has been proven that women's moods way heavily on estrogen levels. -Where in the world is it used? Estrogen is used in so many medicine and connects to women in such a way that it is national. -Is it banned anywhere? There have been banned's of products containing estrogen being put in to meat but not on the chemical as a whole.

**Synethis/production**
The placenta in the body makes natural estrogen for women.
 * -How is the chemical made/refined?**

Estrogen is commonly found in many different types of birth control pills that come in different brands.
 * -How are common products that contain this chemical made?**

Synthesis of estrogens starts in theca interna cells in the ovary, by the synthesis of androstenedione from cholesterol. Androstenedione is a substance of moderate androgenic activity. This compound crosses the basal membrane into the surrounding granulosa cells, where it is converted to estrone or estradiol, either immediately or through testosterone. The conversion of testosterone to estradiol, and of androstenedione to estrone is catalyzed by the enzyme aromatize.

**Human health implications**
-What are the possible dangers associated with this chemical? Some dangers include increases in the risks of endometrial cancer, risk of stroke, deep vein thrombosis. -How, specifically, does this chemical affect the body? Estrogen effects ovulation, implantation, pregnancy maintenance, childbirth and lactation. -What human body processes does this chemical affect? Estrogen affects the estrous cycle, which is comprises the recurring physiologic changes that are induced by reproductive hormones in most mammalian placental females. -What human systems are affected by this chemical? (eg reproductive, endocrine) Estrogen affects the female reproductive system.

**Environmental implications**
-What specific environmental systems/processes does your chemical interact with? The chemical directly interact with the world and the harm comes from the production of products that have estrogen. -How does the chemical interacts with the environment? Estrogens are among the byproducts created by such processes as the incineration of biological materials or industrial waste and chlorine bleaching of paper products. -What happens when this chemical degrades? What byproducts are formed? When the chemical is degraded it has the ability to affect water in a very harmful way. Estrogen may be safe as a chemical but when broken down could do harm. -How is it disposed of? Put them in the trash. 3 things that could happen from this are -People could take them -Animals -could get into the water supply
 * Include at least 3 balanced chemical reactions.

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-How is the chemical made/refined? The placenta in the body makes natural estrogen for women. -How are common products that contain this chemical made? Estrogen is commonly found in many different types of birth control pills that come in different brands. -Include at least 3 balanced chemical reactions related to the synthesis of the chemical and/or products. C18 ,H24, O3 -Include a detailed description of the synthesis process. Synthesis of estrogens starts in theca interna cells in the ovary, by the synthesis of androstenedione from cholesterol. Androstenedione is a substance of moderate androgenic activity. This compound crosses the basal membrane into the surrounding granulosa cells, where it is converted to estrone or estradiol, either immediately or through testosterone. The conversion of testosterone to estradiol, and of androstenedione to estrone is catalyzed by the enzyme aromatize. -Include a drawing/diagram of the chemical’s structure.
 * ===**Synthesis/Production Section:**===



**Economic/Political Impact**
-What/who would be affected if the chemical were banned? It would effect women, trans woman, anybody really because estrogen produces the balance of hormones -What are the costs of alternatives? The cost of alternatives can be very expensive, or be really cheap, its all on what’s the preference. But there are many ways that you can prevent pregnancy some are just really costly and not as convenient as birth control. -What products would we not have if it were banned? If this chemical was banned I think there would be a lot more babies running around here because estrogen is in birth control. But then again I also don’t think they could ever ban estrogen because it is naturally made.

-How would a ban affect you (or the average American)? I think it would affect every woman in America and it would do so by lowering the self-esteem of men for the simple reason that her hormones are changing back or forth

-What are the political ramifications of banning this chemical? A lot of men turning into women would have a lot to say about this estrogen being banned because they use that to become more feminine like. What countries export and/or use this product? The sale of estrogen is a broad market; many countries like the US, Europe, and China, make there own estrogen and sale it back into the economy. ||

-What it does (positives) The estrogenic hormones are uniquely responsible for the growth and development of female sexual characteristics and reproduction in both humans and animals. The term "estrogen" includes a group of chemically similar hormones: estrone, estradiol (the most abundant) and estriol. Overall, estrogen is produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands and fat tissues. More specifically, the estradiol and estrone forms are produced in the ovaries, while the placenta produces estriol during pregnancy. In women, estrogen circulates in the bloodstream and binds to estrogen receptors on cells in targeted tissues, affecting the breast and uterus, but also the brain, bone, liver, heart and other tissues.
 * ===**Summary**=== ||

-Where it is used (what countries) Everywhere for people who can buy it.

-What benefits does this chemical offer these products? For transgender males it offers female characteristics and appearance. For women it raises the chance for a female to get pregnant by releasing hormones and telling the body to release more eggs. It also contributes to these: Promote formation of female secondary sex characteristics Decelerate height growth Accelerate metabolism Reduce muscle mass Stimulate endometrial growth Increase uterine growth Increase vaginal lubrication Thicken the vaginal wall Maintenance of vessel and skin Increase bone formation

-Where in the world is it used? It is used everywhere, our bodies naturally produce it but it can be bought in pills of powder.