BPA-silver+class+'09

 Ashley Melendez & Kamille Granby

Bisphenol A is a key building block of Polycarbonate plastic that possesses a unique balance. Polycarbonate plastic is a lightweight, high-performance plastic that possesses a unique balance of toughness, dimensional stability, optical clarity, high heat resistance and excellent electrical resistance. BPA is an organic compound that has to phenol functional groups. Was first suspicious to be hazardous in 1930 but became big to headlines in 2008. It is prepared by the condensation of acetone and with two equivalents of phenol. Products that contain BPA baby and water bottles, sports equipment, medical and dental devices, dental composite (white) fillings and sealants, lenses, and household electronics. Human exposure to BPA from food-contact use of polycarbonate plastic is very low and poses no known risk to human health. The use of polycarbonate plastic for food contact applications has been and continues to be shown as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Food, the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, and other regulatory authorities worldwide. None the chemical is found but through test done worldwide it processes no human threat. A weight-of-evidence analysis of the aquatic hazards posed by BPA was conducted with a focus on validated studies and the ecologically relevant endpoints of survival, growth and reproductive fitness. My position I have none. What is done with the chemical BPA is done and made in factories. What need to be done is the stopping of the making of this product and combining the chemicals in which make it. Although been proven that it is not hazardous, it is better to be safe then sorry. Other then that there is really no other actions that can be taken towards a chemicals that does not have much hazard.
 * Abstract:**

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical that is used primarily to make polycarbonate plastic. Polycarbonate plastic is a lightweight, high-performance plastic that possesses a unique balance of toughness, optical clarity, high heat resistance, and excellent electrical resistance. Because of these attributes, polycarbonate is used in a large amount of everyday products. Bisphenol A-based polycarbonate (BPA) is used as a plastic coating for children's teeth to prevent cavities. Also in the coating in metal cans to prevent the metal from contact with food contents. And in returnable containers for juice, milk and water, micro-wave ovenware and eating utensils, digital media stuff like CDs, DVDs, etc. electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, sports safety equipment, reusable, or plastic food and drink containers, and many other products.  Bisphenol A is practically a plastic substance that is used often. And it usually doesn’t effect human health. It is used worldwide.
 * __ Background: __**
 * __ Chemical: __** BPA
 * __ How/Why we use this chemical? __**
 * __ What specific products is it in? __**
 * __ What it does? (Positive) __**
 * __ Where is it used? (What countries) __**


 * __ Human health implications: __**
 * -What are the possible dangers associated with this chemical?  **

Human exposure to BPA from food-contact use of polycarbonate plastic is very low and poses no known risk to human health. The use of polycarbonate plastic for food contact applications has been and continues to be shown as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Food, the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, and other regulatory authorities worldwide. - **What human body processes are affected by this chemical? ** Doing with the explanation above human exposure to BPA from dental resins is minimal and poses no known health risk. none I am guessing. // - //**Include chemical reactions that take place in the body. ****  ** none the chemical is found but through test done worldwide it processes no human threat. A weight-of-evidence analysis of the aquatic hazards posed by BPA was conducted with a focus on validated studies and the ecologically relevant endpoints of survival, growth and reproductive fitness. it interacts with water. I’m not sure what it forms but I do know that when it interacts with water it tends to bring down the number of alive species in that area.  By no longer combining the chemicals phenol and acetone. Some of the keychemicals to outing these chemicals on places or in places. 1. (CH 3 ) 2 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">CO + 2 C <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">6 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">H <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">5 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">OH → <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;"> (CH <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">3 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">2 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">C(C <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">6 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">H <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">4 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">OH) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">2 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;"> + H <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">2 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">O 2. C 15 H 16 O 2
 * <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-How, specifically, does this chemical affect the body?  **
 * <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-What human systems are affected by this chemical? (eg reproductive, endocrine)  **
 * __ Environmental implications __**
 * <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-What specific environmental systems/processes does your chemical interact with?  **
 * <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-How does the chemical interacts with the environment?  **
 * <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-What happens when this chemical degrades? What byproducts are formed?  **
 * <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-How long does it take to degrade?  **
 * <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-How is it disposed of?  **
 * //<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-Include at least 3 balanced chemical reactions . //**

**Synthesis/Production Section:** Bisphenol A is made by two equivalents of phenol. The reaction of this is catalyzed by and acid (HCI). **-How are common products that contain this chemical made?** * Common Metal Coatings * Dental Fillings Baby Bottles * Water Coolers and Bottles Tableware and Food Storage Containers Medical Devices Consumer Items * Construction Glazing and “Bulletproof Glass” **-Include at least 3 balanced chemical reactions related to the synthesis of the chemical and/or products.** 1. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">(CH <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">3 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">2 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">CO + 2 C <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">6 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">H <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">5 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">OH → <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;"> (CH <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">3 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">2 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">C(C <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">6 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">H <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">4 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">OH) <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">2 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;"> + H <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">2 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">O 2. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">Water bottles. 3. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">Baby Bottles **-Include a detailed description of the synthesis process**. Phenol and acetone with a continuous or batch type reactor by on-line estimating with a computer the composition of the reaction mixture and saturated dissolving temperature of Bisphenol A under the reaction conditions and by automatically controlling the reaction conditions and liquid transfer conditions of the reaction mixture to the next step. A maximum rate of reaction can be obtained. Therefore, change of reaction temperature can be prevented and the amount of impurities formed is small. The discharge operation of the reaction mixture from the reactor can be carried out steadily and easily, and does not disturb the operation of successive steps. **-Include a drawing/diagram of the chemical’s structure.**
 * -How is the chemical made/refined?**



-What/who would be affected if the chemical were banned? Baby bottle would automatically be <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: blue;">Bisphenol A-free. Parents would not have to worry about buying certain bottles so that their babies won’t die. Also people would not have to worry bout being so scared of putting plastics in the microwave. -What are the costs of alternatives? Bisphenol A free Medela Nipple 3-pack Medium Flow cost 4.99 compared to the regular 4 pack at 2.99 -What products would we not have if it were banned? I don’t think that we would lose any product I just feel that we would have to rearrange a lot of products so that they do not contain this chemical. -What countries export and/or use this product? I believe that every country uses this chemical my research doesn’t hsow other wise. -How would a ban affect you (or the average American)? I wouldn’t have to be scared to drink out of water bottles that re sold and I wouldn’t have to think about what I put in microwaves or tell people to watch what bottles and bottle nipples they put. -What are the political ramifications of banning this chemical? <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 54, 255);">Some countries have already forced laws to not contain this in products while others try t follow so this matter is being taken care of. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Economic/Political Impact **

<span style="color: rgb(0, 54, 255);">The cost of Bisphenol-A is not that expensive at all which is probably why they don’t band it. From 1995 – 2000 the high was $0.94 and the low was $0.94. Due to the large variation in BPA purchases, the discrepancy between list price and contract price is often quite significant. <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 54, 255);"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 54, 255);">Contract does seem to be higher though estimated at a bit higher $0.50 - $0.55 per pound. Due that the price of that and regular plastic are about the same they don’t bother to change it being that it is not a hazardous chemical. The many test done all show the same that it is almost the same to regular plastic and have nothing wrong with using it so why pay more for plastic reduced of all chemicals.
 * Cost and Benefits:**

I personally feel that they should not use the chemicals cheap or not. There is more value to people and babies who are exposed to this, then a bit more money so that it is safe. I do understand they spent money on test to make sure we are not harming people and it came back we aren’t, but I think its better safe then sorry. What if we didn’t do the right test or have new ones that show more that were not done then we are all being exposed and do not know what can happen. Exposure to fish makes them alter the process of catching things and there ability to reproduce. So imagine what it can do to humans with exposure? An action I feel that should take place is spend more money on good pure plastic so that we don’t have to worry or be the least scared that we a dangering ourselves.

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