arsenic-silver+class+'09

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Freda Anderson and Sky Kalfus =Arsenic= Arsenic is a poisonous chemical that forms naturally in soil. Before its health effects were made known, it was used in green pigments, rat poison, and wood preservation. It is still used in electronics, such as semiconductors, LEDs, and batteries. More than three quarters of the world’s arsenic is industrial waste, released namely in copper production and the burning of fossil fuels. Although arsenic is an essential trace element for most animals, it is severely dangerous in large quantities, and is even more toxic in water. Inside the body, it produces electrons that interfere with neural signals. It permanently damages synapses, causing seizures, disorientation, and a host of other symptoms, which ultimately result in death. Arsenic is also a carcinogen. Plants absorb airborne arsenic, poisoning animals that consume them. Arsenic has been found in surface waters, where it alters the genetic material of fish. It is also is a cause of social discord in Bangladesh. Contaminated groundwater is putting millions of people at risk, and symptoms of arsenic poisoning are (wrongly) believed to be contagious. Victims are shunned from society. In the U.S, arsenic regulations are much stricter. As of January 1, 2004, it is now illegal to preserve wood with arsenic. Wood treated before that date, however, may continue to be used. In 2006, the EPA tightened rules regarding arsenic in drinking water, lowering parts per billion from 50 to 10. While U.S restrictions on arsenic are appropriate, third world countries such as Bangladesh desperately need attention. Improved water filtration systems are required to lower arsenic content. Aid organizations have distributed small packets of chemicals that decontaminate household drinking water, and must continue to do so.

=What needs to be done?= In the mid 80’s, UNICEF supplied more than 80% of the Bangladesh population with tube wells to provide drinking water. Now, 90% of the wells are contaminated with arsenic. Nearly 77 million people are being dangerously exposed. This is the largest poisoning of a population in human history. To lower arsenic levels, groundwater must be treated and chlorinated. Home water filtration systems will also minimize the effects of the arsenic. Highly contaminated wells should be closed and new water sources located. These measures are expensive, but necessary. With the help of aid organizations, they can be achieved.

Arsenic's chemical structure: